Many mead brewers make a very sweet mead. I prefer a dry mead, and this recipe is nicely dry, just how I like it. If you prefer sweet meads, just use more honey.
Fermentation should begin in about 12 hours, and it should last for three weeks or so. Rack the mead into a secondary vessel when fermentation stops [5]. At this time, taste the mead and decide whether to add flavoring [6]. Whatever flavoring agent you use, put it right into the secondary and let it sit there until bottling. Here are a couple of my favorite flavors:
Do not boil the wort any longer than you have to. Honey has lots of volatile essences from flowers, that you want to keep if you can. This is different from beer wort, which should be boiled for an hour or so to drive off unwanted esters.
[2] I use a wort cooler to cool it down fast. If you have no wort
cooler, cover the brewpot immediately when you stop boiling, and let
it sit overnight. This stage, when the wort is cool but before the
yeast is added, is when it's vulnerable to contamination, so keep it
as sterile as possible.
[3] Pour the wort straight down into the vessel, so that it splashes
and sloshes a lot. This mixes oxygen from the air into the wort,
which the yeast needs to get started growing.
[4] I hydrate the dry yeast by dissolving it
in 1 or 2 cups of lukewarm water (blood temperature, test it against
your wrist like baby formula). This avoids clumping, and distributes
the yeast thoroughly, so it can grow fast and overwhelm any bacteria
or other beasties that might be contaminating the wort.
Fill the vessel right up to the top. In the first few days of
fermentation, a lot of light brown foam will come out. Let it blow
off, it will carry away nasty resinous flavors that you want to get
rid of. I use a blowoff tube at this stage, and only fit a
fermentation lock when the foaming is over with.
[5] Siphon the mead carefully to avoid splashing. Once the mead
is fermented, oxygen is the worst thing for it.
I flush the secondary vessel with carbon dioxide gas from a tank,
to drive out any oxygen that might be around, and I'm still careful
to siphon down the side of the vessel and avoid splashing.
[6] I think a proper mead tastes just fine without flavoring. Some
people add flavors to cover up bad tastes of an improperly made mead,
and some just like the flavors. Suit yourself.
[7] Alcohol levels above 7% or so will kill almost any bacteria other
than yeast. This recipe makes mead at 11% alcohol by volume, so the
bottles don't have to be really sterile. This is different from beer
(4% ABV) which does not keep itself sterile, and you have to be much
more careful when bottling.
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Last updated 25 March 2003